Last reviewed 21 Mar 2023
The right to taxation in the event of sale of interests in property companies is subject to differing provisions. In accordance with the OECD Model Agreement, for those countries for which there is a “yes” in the real estate clause column the right to taxation in the case of share deals lies not with the country of residence of the vendor but with the country in which the property is situated.
In the case of withholding tax rates, a possible reduction under the application of EU directives (Parent-Subsidiary Directive, Interest-Royalty Directive) must be taken into account.
| Country | Effective date | Real estate clause | Dividends % | Interest % | Royalties % |
| Albania | 24.04.2009 | no | 5/10 | 7 | 7 |
| Armenia | 15.04.2011 | yes | 5/10 | 10 | 5 |
| Austria | 01.01.1999 | no | 5/15 | 5 | 10 |
| Azerbaijan | 19.07.2012 | yes | 8 | 8 | 5/10 |
| Belarus | 06.10.2010 | yes | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Belgium | 01.01.2003 | no | 5/15 | 10 | 5 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 10.11.2006 | no | 5/10 | 7 | 5 |
| Bulgaria | 01.10.2005 | yes | 5/10 | 5 | 5/10 |
| Canada | 01.01.2003 | yes | 5/15 | 10 | 10 |
| China | 01.11.1996 | no | 5 | 10 | 10 |
| Croatia | 01.12.2005 | no | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Cyprus | 31.03.2011 | yes | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Czech Republic | 01.01.1999 | no | 5/15 | 5 | 10 |
| Denmark | 01.01.2003 | no | 5/15 | 5 | 5 |
| Estonia | 26.05.2006 | no | 5/15 | 10 | 10 |
| Finland | 01.01.2005 | yes | 5/15 | 5 | 5 |
| France | 10.03.2005 | yes | 15 | 5 | 5 |
| Georgia | 30.07.2013 | yes | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Germany | 27.12.2006 | no | 5/15 | 5 | 5 |
| Greece | 01.01.2004 | no | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Hungary | 31.12.2005 | yes | 5/15 | 5 | 5 |
| Iceland | 19.07.2012 | yes | 5/15 | 5 | 5 |
| India | 01.01.2006 | yes | 5/15 | 10 | 10 |
| Iran | 01.01.2015 | yes | 7 | 5 | 5 |
| Ireland | 01.01.2003 | yes | 5/15 | 5 | 5 |
| Isle of Man | 22.06.2012 | no | - | - | - |
| Israel | 26.12.2007 | yes | 5/10 | 5 | 5 |
| Italy | 15.04.2002 | no | 5/15 | 10 | 5 |
| Japan | 17.06.2017 | yes | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Kasachstan | 23.07.2017 | yes | 5/15 | 10 | 10 |
| Korea | 09.11.2005 | yes | 5/15 | 5 | 5 |
| Kosovo | 01.01.2015 | yes | 5/10 | 5 | 5 |
| Kuwait | 07.10.2010 | no | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| Latvia | 01.01.2003 | no | 5/15 | 10 | 10 |
| Lithuania | 01.01.2003 | no | 5/15 | 10 | 10 |
| Luxembourg | 01.01.2003 | no | 5/15 | 5 | 5 |
| Macedonia | 01.01.2000 | no | 5/15 | 10 | 10 |
| Malta | 01.01.2004 | yes | 5/15 | 5 | 5 |
| Moldova | 10.11.2006 | yes | 5/10 | 5 | 5 |
| Netherlands | 31.12.2005 | yes | 5/15 | 5 | 5 |
| Norway | 01.01.1986 | no | 15 | 5 | 5 |
| Poland | 01.01.1999 | no | 5/15 | 10 | 10 |
| Portugal | 01.01.2005 | yes | 5/15 | 10 | 5 |
| Qatar | 22.09.2010 | no | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Romania | 01.01.2004 | yes | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Russia | 01.01.1998 | no | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Serbia and Montenegro | 01.01.2004 | no | 5/10 | 10 | 5/10 |
| Singapore | 22.10.2010 | yes | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Slovakia | 01.01.2005 | yes | 5/15 | 10 | 10 |
| Spain | 01.01.2003 | yes | 5/15 | 5 | 5 |
| Sweden | 01.01.2022 | no | 5/15 | 0 | 0 |
| Switzerland | 01.01.1998 | no | 15 | 5 | 5 |
| Thailand | 01.01.2005 | yes | 10 | 10/15 | 10/15 |
| Turkey | 01.01.2004 | no | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Ukraine | 01.05.2004 | yes | 5/15 | 5 | 5/10 |
| United Arab Emirates | 01.01.2015 | yes | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| United Kingdom and Northern Ireland | 01.01.1983 | yes | 15 | 5 | 5 |
| USA | 01.09.2001 | yes | 5/15 | 5 | 5 |
| Uzbekistan | 30.07.2013 | yes | 8 | 8 | 10 |
The following DTA is not yet effective: Egypt, Morocco
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